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The Belleville funicular tramway ((フランス語:tramway funiculaire de Belleville)) was a cable car which from 1891 to 1924 connected the Place de la République in Paris to the Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Belleville, on a hill in the Belleville quarter. It has since been demolished. It was a hybrid of a tramway and a funicular, similar to the famous San Francisco cable car system (started 1873), it was replaced in 1935 by Paris Métro Line 11, running on the same route. == History == In the late 1880s, the need to serve the busy quarter of Belleville led to consideration of setting up a cable car line, uniquely able to manage the hill's inclination. But unlike San Francisco and other American cities where this new system was operating, which had wide roads on grid plans, the width of the Paris roads required a single track railway with plenty of passing loops along its rather meandering route. In 1886, one Mr. Fournier submitted a request for a concession. After much deliberation by the Ville de Paris, the Ministry of Public Works, the Ministry of the Interior and the Corps of Bridges and Roads, and the virulent protests of the フランス語:''Compagnie générale des omnibus'', who saw it breaking their monopoly, the line was given its フランス語:''Déclaration d'utilité publique'' ("Public Utility Declaration") by a decree of 24 January 1889 under the jurisdiction of a フランス語:''Voie ferrée d'intérêt local'' under the control of the Conseil général of the Seine Department. A contract was signed on 7 August 1890 between the Department and Fournier, which provided for the construction of a line by the Ville de Paris and its operation by Fournier, who passed it over to the フランス語:''Compagnie du funiculaire de Belleville''. The funicular tramway became operational on 25 August 1891. The line started at the Place de la Republique, going down the Rue du Faubourg-du-Temple and the Rue de Belleville to its termanis in front of the Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Belleville. Its total length was or of single track with a crossings over the Canal Saint-Martin and four others at the crossroads of the Avenue Parmentier, of the Boulevard de Belleville, of the Rue Julien-Lacroix and of the Rue des Pyrénées. Its gradient was fairly steep, starting with a shallow slope but climbing the hill with gradients of at least 3.4% (1:30) but as high as 7% (1:14), with several tight curves. The line quickly became popular: in 1895, it transported million passengers. The line quickly reached capacity, and because it was impossible to add more passing loops, the line was operated in "bursts" ((フランス語:rafale)), with several vehicles closely following each other very closely. But this operation was particularly dangerous for pedestrians and road traffic. So it was decided to operate two cars together as a train, and their end platforms were extended over the couplings, increasing each car's capacity to 57 passengers. 1902 became the record year for the line, with million passengers. On 31 May 1910, the concession ended and the Ville de Paris took over operation as a フランス語:''Régie en droit public français'' ("French public service authority"). During the First World War the line was underfunded, and at its close needed heavy repairs to continue service. But operations finally ceased on 18 July 1924, and the tramway was replaced by a bus line called the "BF", operated by Schneider H buses with their front seats removed to increase capacity. This route was subsequently incorporated into the network of the Société des transports en commun de la région parisienne (STCRP). The infrastructure of the funicular tramway was demolished, the cars were sold for scrap, and for many months were held somewhere in Issy-les-Moulineaux. In 1935, Paris Métro Line 11 opened on the same route, extended at each end. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Belleville funicular tramway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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